內窺鏡構造精密復雜，不同類型雖有差異，但基本結構相似。以硬管內窺鏡為例，鏡管是細長主體，需具備良好韌性與強度，以深入人體不同部位；光學系統含目鏡、物鏡與中繼透鏡，負責光線傳導與圖像成像，確保清晰觀察；照明系統通過光纖將外部光源引入體內，提供充足照明；鏡體則集成各部件，保證整體穩定性與密封性。?

Endoscopes have precise and complex structures, and although there are differences among different types, their basic structures are similar. Taking a rigid endoscope as an example, the endoscope tube is a slender body that requires good toughness and strength to penetrate different parts of the human body; The optical system includes an eyepiece, objective lens, and relay lens, responsible for light conduction and image imaging to ensure clear observation; The lighting system introduces external light sources into the body through optical fibers, providing sufficient illumination; The mirror body integrates various components to ensure overall stability and sealing. ?

常見故障涵蓋多個方面。光學系統故障頻發，如鏡片磨損、劃傷、脫膠，會使圖像模糊、變形甚至無法成像。在硬管鏡頻繁使用中，物鏡易受碰撞致鏡片損壞，影響成像質量。照明故障表現為光線變暗、不均或完全不亮，可能因光源燈泡老化、照明光纖折斷或接頭松動。長期使用中，照明光纖彎折易斷絲，導致導光性能下降。機械故障包括鏡體變形、彎曲，影響插入順暢度與操作靈活性；關節活動部件磨損、卡頓，使器械無法正常開合、轉動，像腹腔鏡器械頻繁操作易致關節部件磨損。電氣故障在內窺鏡攝像系統中常見，如攝像頭圖像傳輸異常、主機死機、軟件報錯等，多因電路短路、斷路或電子元件老化損壞。

Common faults cover multiple aspects. Frequent optical system failures, such as lens wear, scratches, and detachment, can cause blurry, distorted, or even impossible imaging of the image. In frequent use of rigid tube mirrors, the objective lens is prone to collision and damage, which affects the imaging quality. Lighting faults may manifest as dim, uneven, or completely unlit light, possibly due to aging light bulbs, broken lighting fibers, or loose connectors. In long-term use, the bending and breakage of lighting optical fibers can lead to a decrease in light guiding performance. Mechanical failures include deformation and bending of the mirror body, which affects the smoothness of insertion and operational flexibility; Wear and jamming of joint moving parts can prevent instruments from opening, closing, and rotating properly, such as frequent operation of laparoscopic instruments, which can easily cause joint component wear. Electrical faults are common in endoscopic camera systems, such as abnormal camera image transmission, host crashes, software errors, etc., often caused by circuit short circuits, open circuits, or aging and damage to electronic components.

內窺鏡維修需遵循嚴謹規范流程。故障診斷是關鍵起始環節，維修人員運用專業知識與豐富經驗，結合故障現象與設備原理深入排查。先用外觀檢查，查看鏡管有無彎曲、破損，接頭是否松動，光學部件有無明顯損傷。再借助專業檢測設備，如光學檢測儀評估光學性能，電氣測試儀檢查電路參數。對于復雜故障，還需拆解設備，進一步檢查內部結構與部件。例如，維修胃鏡時，若圖像有黑斑，先檢查鏡頭是否臟污，再用光學檢測儀分析鏡片是否有缺陷，必要時拆解鏡身查看內部光纖與電路。?

Endoscope maintenance must follow rigorous and standardized procedures. Fault diagnosis is a key starting point, and maintenance personnel use professional knowledge and rich experience to conduct in-depth investigations based on fault phenomena and equipment principles. First, conduct a visual inspection to check if the mirror tube is bent or damaged, if the joints are loose, and if there is any obvious damage to the optical components. With the help of professional testing equipment, such as optical detectors to evaluate optical performance and electrical testers to check circuit parameters. For complex faults, it is necessary to disassemble the equipment and further inspect the internal structure and components. For example, when repairing a gastroscope, if there are black spots in the image, first check whether the lens is dirty, then use an optical detector to analyze whether the lens has defects, and if necessary, disassemble the mirror body to inspect the internal optical fibers and circuits. ?

確定故障后進入維修環節。光學系統維修需高超技術與精密設備，鏡片更換時，要選擇適配型號，嚴格按工藝要求操作，確保安裝精度與光學性能恢復。照明系統維修若為光纖折斷，需精細焊接或更換光纖束，保證導光效果。機械部件維修，鏡體變形可通過專用工具校正，磨損部件則依情況維修或更換。電氣故障維修需專業電子技術，維修人員檢測電路、更換損壞元件，并對軟件進行升級、調試。維修腹腔鏡時，若關節卡頓，需拆解清洗、潤滑關節，必要時更換磨損關節部件。

After identifying the fault, proceed to the maintenance phase. Optical system maintenance requires advanced technology and precision equipment. When replacing lenses, it is necessary to choose the appropriate model and strictly follow the process requirements to ensure installation accuracy and optical performance recovery. If the maintenance of the lighting system involves fiber breakage, it is necessary to finely weld or replace the fiber bundle to ensure the light guiding effect. Mechanical component maintenance, mirror deformation can be corrected by specialized tools, and worn parts can be repaired or replaced according to the situation. Electrical fault repair requires professional electronic technology. Maintenance personnel inspect circuits, replace damaged components, and upgrade and debug software. When repairing a laparoscope, if the joint becomes stuck, it is necessary to disassemble, clean, lubricate the joint, and replace worn joint components if necessary.

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