常見故障類型及成因

Common types and causes of faults

光學系統故障

Optical system malfunction

內窺鏡的光學系統負責將圖像清晰地傳輸到醫生視野中。但在實際使用過程中，物鏡和目鏡容易因碰撞、刮擦出現磨損或損壞，導致圖像模糊、變形甚至無法成像。此外，光纖斷裂也是常見問題，其多由過度彎曲或拉伸造成，會導致光線傳輸受阻，影響成像質量。

The optical system of an endoscope is responsible for transmitting images clearly into the doctor's field of view. However, in practical use, the objective lens and eyepiece are prone to wear and tear or damage due to collisions and scratches, resulting in blurred, deformed, or even impossible imaging of the image. In addition, fiber breakage is also a common problem, which is often caused by excessive bending or stretching, which can hinder the transmission of light and affect the imaging quality.

機械系統故障

Mechanical system malfunction

機械系統的故障主要體現在插入管、彎曲部和活檢鉗道等部位。插入管長期使用，其外表面容易出現老化、破損，不僅影響設備的正常使用，還可能對患者造成傷害。彎曲部的鋼絲和關節如果出現斷裂或松動，會導致彎曲角度異常，使醫生難以準確觀察病變部位。活檢鉗道因頻繁使用，容易被異物堵塞，影響活檢器械的進出。

The faults of the mechanical system are mainly reflected in the insertion tube, bending part, and biopsy forceps channel. Long term use of the insertion tube can lead to aging and damage on its outer surface, which not only affects the normal use of the equipment but may also cause harm to the patient. If the steel wires and joints in the bent part break or loosen, it will cause abnormal bending angles, making it difficult for doctors to accurately observe the affected area. The biopsy forceps are prone to blockage by foreign objects due to frequent use, which affects the entry and exit of biopsy instruments.

電氣系統故障

Electrical system malfunction

電氣系統故障會造成設備無法正常開機、圖像顯示異常等問題。常見的原因包括電纜線老化、接頭松動、電路板損壞等。尤其是在潮濕環境下使用，或者設備長期未保養，電氣部件容易受潮，引發短路等故障。

Electrical system failures can cause equipment to fail to start up properly, abnormal image display, and other issues. Common reasons include cable aging, loose joints, and damaged circuit boards. Especially when used in humid environments or if the equipment is not maintained for a long time, electrical components are prone to moisture and can cause faults such as short circuits.

維修流程

Repair process

故障診斷

fault diagnosis

維修的第一步是準確診斷故障。維修人員會與使用人員溝通，了解設備的故障現象、使用環境和操作過程，收集相關信息。接著，對設備進行全面檢查，運用專業檢測工具，如顯微鏡、示波器等，檢測光學、機械和電氣系統，確定故障的具體部位和原因。

The first step in maintenance is to accurately diagnose the fault. Maintenance personnel will communicate with users to understand the equipment's fault symptoms, usage environment, and operation process, and collect relevant information. Next, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment, using professional testing tools such as microscopes, oscilloscopes, etc. to detect optical, mechanical, and electrical systems, and determine the specific location and cause of the malfunction.

零部件更換與修復

Component replacement and repair

確定故障后，維修人員會根據損壞情況，選擇更換或修復零部件。對于磨損嚴重、無法修復的光學鏡片和損壞的電纜線，需及時更換新的原廠配件，以保證設備性能和成像質量。對于彎曲部的鋼絲、關節等機械部件，若損壞程度較輕，可進行修復；若損壞嚴重，則需更換。

After identifying the fault, maintenance personnel will choose to replace or repair the parts based on the extent of the damage. For severely worn and irreparable optical lenses and damaged cables, it is necessary to replace them with new original accessories in a timely manner to ensure equipment performance and imaging quality. For mechanical components such as steel wires and joints in curved parts, if the damage is minor, repair can be carried out; If the damage is severe, it needs to be replaced.

校準與調試

Calibration and Debugging

完成零部件更換或修復后，要對設備進行校準和調試。對光學系統進行清晰度、色彩還原度等方面的校準，確保圖像質量符合標準。對機械系統進行彎曲角度、活檢鉗道通暢性等測試，保證設備操作靈活、功能正常。對電氣系統進行電氣性能測試，確保設備安全運行。

After completing the replacement or repair of components, the equipment should be calibrated and debugged. Calibrate the optical system for clarity, color reproduction, and other aspects to ensure image quality meets standards. Test the mechanical system for bending angle, biopsy forceps patency, etc., to ensure flexible operation and normal functionality of the equipment. Conduct electrical performance testing on the electrical system to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

質量檢測

Quality Inspection

維修完成后，要進行嚴格的質量檢測。模擬設備的實際使用場景，進行多項性能測試，包括圖像質量、操作手感、密封性等。只有通過全部測試，設備才能交付使用。

After the repair is completed, strict quality inspection must be carried out. Simulate the actual usage scenario of the device and conduct multiple performance tests, including image quality, operating feel, sealing, etc. Only by passing all tests can the equipment be delivered for use.

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